Revitalization Cornell Hospital Quarterly -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Revitalization Cornell Hospital Quarterly? Answer: Introducation The company Amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos wherein his efforts has been described his different efforts in order to fend off different regrets for not participating in the entire business boom during that specific period (Kousha and Thelwall 2015). The entire company began as the online book retailer store and then it became online and it provides the different customers in the 1995. The Amazon Tech giant is one of the largest retailers in the entire world that was founded by Jeff Bezos in the year 1994, in the month of July (Keller and Kotler 2016). Amazon.com was opened in the year 1994 as one of the biggest retailer of books and later they diversified their business into other divisions that included software, jewelry along with other TVs. Amazon has been one of the largest providers of services of cloud infrastructure in the entire competitive market. Amazon has separate retail websites for different countries that included United States, Australia, Germany, and Spain along with Australia. The Amazon Company has even offered different international shipping to different countries for few of the products. In the year 2015, Amazon surpassed E-Bay as the retailers of the capitalization of the market. Furthermore, in the year 2017, Amazon has acquired whole food market for $13.4 billion and this helped them in increasing their presence in the entire competitive market (Kotler 2015). Objectives of the brand audit The brand audit of Amazon Inc. will consist of an elaborate and comprehensive analysis of the Amazon e-market. The primary aim of the brand audit is to display the various sources of equity, even suggest the methods to which shall help the company to improve the financial budgeting and leverage the equity that is currently in the ownership of the company. The brand audit that will be undertaken will be in two parts, which will comprise of a brand inventory and a brand exploratory with recommendations for both (Dev and Keller 2014). The elements of the inventory will be laid out initially, which will then take the path ahead for the explanatory portion. The primary objective of the brand audit is to reveal fresh growth opportunities for the company and suggest a way by which the new customers as well as the existing customers of the company can be catered. If the brand follows this, Amazon will be able to lead a sustainable and long-term life. The competition and the industry - an overview The global e-commerce market is in a state of expansion as well as consolidation. With the advent of digitalization and m ore consumers buying goods digitally, the global e-commerce sales are on a constant rise. There are two international players in the market, the first being Alibaba, which is a Chinese website and the second being Amazon (Hair Jr and Lukas 2014). The companies have been trying extremely hard to widen their reach in the given market by continuously investing in the emerging markets. E-marketing experts have predicted that the global e-commerce sales were around $2.290 trillion in 2017 and will be at a high value of $4.479 trillion at the end of the 2021 era. Amazon has various competitors around the globe, which range from Alibaba, Flipkart, E-Bay, Spencers and others (McDaniel and Gates 2013). However, Amazon has been doing considerably well as compared to its competitors in the industry. In the emerging markets, there have been local companies who have been giving a tough competition to the brand. Amazon has been coming out with various strategies to cope with the competition. In the Australian market, the company has been able to experience a high growth rate despite the power of the local companies (Armstrong et al. 2015). There is a problem with respect to the company as the distance in Australia is very huge. If the company wants to deliver goods, it will need to cover a huge distance. The biggest threat of Amazon in Australia is Woolworths and E-Bay. They have an advantage over Amazon in the sense that the company does not have a physical presence in the country and only an online presence (Amazon.com.au. 2018). On the other hand, Woolworths sell the same products as Amazon and has a physical store, which helps it to catch the eye of the consumers and become popular. Hence, even Amazon should try to implement a concept like Amazon Go, which will initiate the presence of a physical store especially in a large geographic country like Australia, References Amazon.com.au. ,2018.Amazon.com.au: Shop online for Electronics, Apparel, Toys, Books, DVDs more. [Online] Available at: https://www.amazon.com.au [Accessed 27 Jan. 2018]. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Dev, C.S. and Keller, K.L., 2014. Brand revitalization.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(4), pp.333-341. Hair Jr, J.F. and Lukas, B., 2014.Marketing research(Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Keller, K.L. and Kotler, P., 2016.Marketing management. Pearson. Kotler, P., 2015.Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India. Kousha, K. and Thelwall, M., 2016. Can Amazon. com reviews help to assess the wider impacts of books?.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,67(3), pp.566-581. McDaniel, C. nd Gates, R., 2013.Marketing research. Singapore.

Project Management Tools Construction of Cafe in Pacific Fair Shoppin

Question: Discuss about theProject Management Toolsfor Construction of Cafe in Pacific Fair Shopping Centre. Answer: Introduction The project management tools play a very important and supporting role for successful completion of a project (Kerzner 2013). Our project was made on the topic of construction of a caf at Pacific Fair Shopping Centre. We used many project management tools and techniques like project management plan, project schedule by WBS, resource management, Gantt chart, cost estimation and budgeting, change management, and stakeholders analysis for completion of the project and making the final report. The following assignment is a reflective essay on the project in which I would share my experience about being a part of the project. Evaluating Personal Experience with Project Knowledge Areas Our project was made for developing a plan for constructing a caf in Pacific Fair Shopping Centre. The project had a number of operations like resource and requirements analysis, scheduling and planning of the project, budgeting, resource allocation, and change management (Schwalbe 2015). We had divided the work among us for keeping the project operations in scheduled time. However, some major issues arise while performing the project operations. At one point our project was going on smoothly, but timing problems were experienced in our project progress. It was not the only hindrance for our project. We had to face issues like shortage of resources and impact of risk factors for our project. According to Martinelli and Milosevic (2016), the project management knowledge areas (Time management, Cost Management, and Risk Management) helped us to deal with the above mentioned issues and develop a proper plan for the completion of the project. Personal Experience of issues in project: Our project faced the issue of timing problems. The project plan was made for implementing the basic infrastructure of the caf at Pacific Fair Shopping Centre. However, due to some small issues and delays the operations of the project was delayed. Our project had limited number of resources and it has to be managed by using appropriate project management tool (Reiss 2013). We had limited resources and it was divided in proper proportion for completing all the operations while project planning. Our project needed resources for allocation and performing operations like construction of walls and ceilings, installation of equipments, electricity and equipments installation, and furniture and fixtures placement. Our team was in dilemma due to it as it had delayed the completion of the project in assigned time. However, due to emergency situation of short circuit, the electric line had to be placed again. It gave rise to over budget expenses in the project that was not expected by us. We had to suffer some loss and the expected profit would not be attained from the project. Theories of project management: The project management area of time management provides an important support for completion of the project in assigned time by managing the activities and work packages of the project (Verzuh 2015). A project operation consists of various types of risk such as technical risk, strategic risk, accidental risk, risk of malfunctioning, and changes in requirements (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). It includes six processes namely definition of activities, sequencing them, estimating the resources, duration of the activities, developing a schedule, and controlling it (Cameron and Green 2015). The cost management has an option of provision for doubtful debts. We employed the time management by making a Gantt chart for the project operations. The Gantt chart helped us in proper scheduling and management of activities in the project. According to Rosemann and vom Brocke (2015), the risk management has the option for configuring the surrogacy planning that would help in dealing with these accidental risk factors and minimizing their impact. Actions for the dealing with issues: Our project had to face technical risk and accidental risk factors. The development of the infrastructure would require the implementation of the walls, ceilings, tables, chairs, cash counter, kitchen (equipments in the back of caf), storage room, etc. However, we had to face risk of change in requirements by caf owners and delay in implementation of the electricity cable. It resulted in delay and exhaustion of extra resources for the project operations. We were in complete mess due to the excess resource exhaustion and it even delayed the other operations. We could have used the provision for doubtful debts for overcoming the situation of electric cable failure. Future aspects from the experiences: These experiences have helped me to understand the importance of project management tools and techniques. I had developed strong understanding on the benefits and process of implicating the project management tools for effective project completion process. The issues that we faced in our project of implicating the caf infrastructure at Pacific Fair Shopping Centre are delay in project operations, surplus exhaustion of resources, and effects of risk for decreasing the efficiency of operations. The various project management knowledge areas like Project Time Management, Project Cost Management, and Project Risk Management can be utilized for dealing with these issues. I can use these concepts and tools for developing a better and compact planning of project operations. The project alignment with the objectives and requirements of the clients can be done by analyzing the project charter. We have developed the report with analysis of the issues we had to face and probable solutions for minimizing their effect and developing solutions. Conclusion The essay had covered the impact of project management tools for the operations of a project. It can be concluded from the reflective essay that we can be largely benefitted from the use of project management tools and techniques. The project alignment with the objectives and requirements of the clients can be done by analyzing the project charter. We have used project schedule (WBS) and Gantt chart for planning and scheduling the project operations. The summary of essay has shown that Project Time Management, Project Cost Management, and Project Risk Management could help in dealing with issues of time, exhaustion of resources, and effect of risk factors. References Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: Processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York: Pearson. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Reiss, G., 2013.Project management demystified: Today's tools and techniques. Routledge. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons.

Obesity and Physical Activity in Schools free essay sample

Obesity and Physical Activity in Schools BY Freckle18 Engaging in acts of physical activity from a young age is very important for both the mental and physical health of a child; the habits learnt in youth tend to continue onto adulthood thus having an effect on the prevalence of obesity and related illnesses in society. Obesity is increasing steeply in Australia ( Magarey, A. M. , Daniels, L. A. and Boulton, T. J. 2001) and almost 25% of children are affected (Booth, Wake, Armstrong, Chey, Hesketh, and Mathur. 2001). So why is physical activity so mportant for children and what age is instilling positive habits most beneficial? What roles do teachers of today play in addressing and preventing obesity in our children and what are effective strategies to do this? The benefits of physical activity are vast and the habits instilled in children from a young age can determine the lifestyle they will lead as adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity and Physical Activity in Schools or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An unfortunate common misconception is that it is easy to reverse the unhealthy lifestyle taught to children. Prevention however is better than a cure. It is never too early to start eaching a child positive behaviours and habits middle childhood (ages 6-10) children tend to be in a stage of development where they think very literally they will absorb everything you teach, do, and say and are incredibly influential. It is t this stage of development that their most likely to be taught healthy eating habits, develop exercise programs and have an interest in organised sports. mioung people will carry established healthy behaviours throughout their lives such as better eating habits and decreased likelihood of smoking (Shilton, T. nd Naughton, G. 001). Through physical activity children of middle childhood develop healthy muscles, bones and joints; they develop a healthy heart and lungs and they also develop a higher neuromuscular awareness which influences their co-ordination, how they control movement and the development of fine and gross motor skills. Most obviously it enables them to maintain a healthy body weight. Physical activit y has also been linked to psychological benefits by improving the control children have over the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Studies have also shown that the participation n physical activity can assist in the social development of children aged 6-10 by providing the opportunity for expression, building confidence and social interaction. Physically active young people have been noted to more readily adopt other healthy lifestyle behaviours (avoidance of tobacco, alcohol and drugs) and demonstrate higher academic performance at school. Children of the ages six to ten spend the majority of their time at school giving teachers an ideal position to influence a healthy lifestyle both physically, mentally and emotionally. Schools have been recognized as an appropriate setting for the prevention of eating disorders and child obesity due to the continual and concentrated access to a large number of individuals at a developmentally appropriate age. Research has shown that well-designed and implemented school programs can effectively promote physical activity, healthy eating, and reduction of television viewing and time spent using the computer and computer the prevention of obesity is however restricted by the influence of a childs family and the community in which they reside. It is therefore more a teachers role to set a good xample to children rather than to attempt to tackle the epidemic alone. One strategy teachers can use in the classroom to address and treat the occurrence of obesity in children is to discontinue the use of food as a reward. Food has been used to reward children for good behaviour and performance. Its a very easy, powerful and inexpensive tool in bringing about immediate behavioural changes in children of thee ages six to ten. However, using food as reward often encourages overeating of unhealthy foods high in fat, sugar and little or no nutritional value whatsoever. Rewarding with food can interfere with children of these ages learning to eat in response to hunger and teaches them to eat when they are not hungry. Finding alternatives to food rewards is an important part of providing a healthy school environment. Rewarding children with unhealthy foods in school undermines our efforts to teach them about good nutrition. Its like teaching children a lesson on the importance of not smoking, and then handing out ashtrays and lighters to the kids who did the best Job listening. (Schwartz, M. B, Brownell, K. D. 2007). Alternatives o food as a reward include; Social rewards like praise and attention (in front of others). Recognition with certificates and letters of congratulation to parents or caregivers. Privileges of going first, choosing a class activities or sitting by friends. Another way teachers can positively assist the prevention of obesity is to make exercise fun, and incorporate it into the daily routine. Forcing children to participate in activities they do not enjoy could have a negative effect on how the child views physical activity in the future. Often sport in school is repetitive and favours the more thletic students in a class. Variety is very important, and teachers should seek input from students to which game should be played, it could even be used as a reward allowing the child who has performed best to choose the activity. Incorporating fitness to the daily classroom regime can also be effective. For children attention can begin to wander if activities are too long and for some being sedentary for too long is difficult. At the beginning or end of lessons encourage children to dance, Jump and use basic movement. Fun activities like hopping to the bathroom, skipping to other ctivities around the classroom can also be incorporated and can aid in childrens refinement of fine and gross motor skills. Additionally exercise shouldnt be used as punishment. Children learn to dislike things used as punishments. Penalizing children with physical activity might lead them to avoid activities that are important for maintaining their health. Integrate nutrition education lessons into the curriculum. You can apply nutrition education information into science, maths, language art and health lessons. Along with students collect pictures of healthy nutritional foods and Junk foods from agazines, and newspapers. Have the students help to categorize the foods on posters healthy food and Junk food. Display this in the classroom where everyone can see and use it at a reference for children to set realistic, well-defined, measurable Teachers have a valuable contribution to make in the domain of physical activity and the prevention of childhood obesity, they are however secondary to the role played by family who play the largest role in instilling a healthy lifestyle on their children. School professionals are often uneducated about nutrition and methods of revention. In order for future prevention of obesity to be a success, perseverance and ongoing training for teachers and schools involved is required. Training must increase knowledge of nutrition, physical activity, obesity, and preventive techniques. Finally, teacher-training programs should stress the importance of development and age specific strategies in the education of children in this area in order to fully utilize schools as an effective setting for prevention and to improve future prevention initiatives, and to promote the health of our young people.

An Analytical look into Coca

Introduction Marketing is the process by which groups and individuals create and exchange goods and services with an aim of attaining what they need with an aspiring to find satisfaction. Consumer needs and wants are the main reason behind why companies design, manufacture and distribute products into the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Analytical look into Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On one hand consumers demand for satisfaction and companies therefore sell to make a profit and meet their other objectives such as growth, and survival. Product and services created by companies such as Coca-Cola are considered of value and therefore create satisfaction when exchange takes place (Kotler 2003). Therefore the creation value and satisfaction which consumers demand end up pushing companies create strategies that govern their marketing mix and go a step further to create overall corporate strat egies that will govern their whole business processes to ensure success in today’s volatile business environment (Lancaster Withey 2006). The Coca-Cola Company is one company that has been able to create a perfect business model that has pushed its products such as Coca-Cola across the world with much efficiency. History of company and product Coca-cola is a carbonated soft drink that is sold in restaurants, supermarkets, vending machines in approximately over 195 nations. It is a product of the coca-cola company which is located in Atlanta Georgia USA. The coca-cola company is a company with many product lines which include carbonated soft drinks, water, and juices. Coca-cola was originally invented by Doctor John Permberton by a drug company in Georgia and was sold as medicine because people back then believed carbonated water had medicinal values being assumed to be a headache remedy, stimulant and stomach ache remedy. Coca-cola as it is known was a proposal that was put forward by Frank Robinson, who was a book keeper. Initially Coca-Cola was sold in pharmacies by John Permberton. By the 1950’s the drink had a huge consumer market U.S.A. Bottled soda was sold first by coca-cola in 1894 and cans of coca-cola appeared first in stores in 1955.Later in 1985 when coca-cola tried to change its formula hoping to follow up with tastes but a public outcry ensued forcing the company to revert back to classic Coca-Cola. The introduction of diet coke back in 1982 was a huge success back in the in the 1980’s. It is between 1923 and 1991 during Woodruff’s tenure as C.E.O that Coca-Cola grew from a national company to a global company with an explosive growth of the carbonated bottled soft drinks.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Today Coca-cola is the world’s number one soft-drink company with top five soft drink brands (Coca-C ola, Fanta, Diet Coke, and Sprite).Other brands includes Minutemaid, Powerade, Dasani water and Schweppes which generate an income of over $3 billion annually. Product Strategy The Coca-Cola Company has a number of product lines in its product mix these are carbonated soft-drinks, energy drinks, juices, and water. In each product line there is a particular product depth (Bell 2004). The coca-cola company carbonated soft drink product line has a product depth consisting of Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite and Krest. Within the product line of Coca-Cola itself there consists’ a further product variety of different types of Coke that are sold in various geographical regions of the world. It is clear that The Coca-Cola Company has invested a lot in the process of research and design of its products, there is a high level of differentiation upon its Coca-Cola product depth. Coca- Cola’s packaging strategy involves the use of beautifully designed cans, hobble skirt bottles which ran ge from 300ml-2000ml, and disposable plastic cups. The Coca-Cola Company has gone forward to patent the various dimensions of its famous Hobble skirt bottle meaning that no other soft drink manufacturer can use the same type of bottle. The classic Coca-Cola symbol is written and surrounded by the colour red making it a unique brand that is easily identifiable and memorable to the consumers. Currently Coca-Cola has a high rand value and equity and commands a lot of loyalty among consumers, its name, awareness, perceived quality, and strong association with excellence add great advantage to its product mix this serves as powerful assets to the product itself. A distinct and unique product design is necessary for the success of a product (Kotler 1999). Coca- Cola has ensured that its product is unique as far its attributes, and branding are concerned. The secret Coca-Cola formula is well hidden in a volt in a bank located Georgia with very few people whom have who have access and there fore is a trade secret. Pricing strategy According to porters generic competitive strategies a company can either choose to serve a broad market or a narrow target market. If a company chooses either it must then choose to either follow a low cost strategy that is good for a wider market due to the existence of economies of scale and efficiencies or either choose to differentiate its products in order to charge a premium (Porter 1990).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Analytical look into Coca-Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coca-Cola is a profit masking company that aims to remain as the market leader and meet shareholder targets. Pricing can be determined by many things this include target profit, competition, costs associated with production, quality, demand and company objectives (Kotler 2003). Coca-Cola’s main objective is to capture a larger market share by selling a large volume of soft dri nks at an affordable price with an aim of maximizing profits. It therefore targets the mass market and sells its products at very afford prices but at the same time for its highly differentiated products such as diet coke a much higher price is set. Therefore coca-cola practices price discrimination among various regions of the world. The price of a Coca-Cola in Kenya, India, and New -York are not the same. This is because every consumer in these countries has different purchasing power (per capita income) and this is factored in the final pricing. The use of penetration pricing which is low and mass market oriented is advantageous in gaining a large market share for Coca-Cola and that is why Coca-Cola estimated to sell over half a million bottles of carbonated soft drinks in one day. Coca-Cola also gives incentives such as trade incentives to its middlemen and largest distributors for the volume of concentrates they order and sell. (Charles et al, 2009) Distribution/Place strategy Coca-Cola itself does not manufacture and sell already manufactured carbonated soft drinks. They mainly do their distribution by using independent co owned distributers/franchises which have specially trained people. It is these people who are considered investors who approach Coca-Cola for business deals and are given training on the various production techniques. After setting up this franchises and setting up partnerships that The Coca-Cola Company goes ahead to ship consignments of concentrates and syrup that will be used to make the final consumable Coca-Cola to its distribution partners who in turn dilute and carbon dioxide to the product, After which local channels such as depots go ahead to sell Coca-Cola to hotels, supermarkets and retailers in their area of operations. This model of operation reduces amount of risk and uncertainty that the Coca-Cola Company would have faced if it were to manufacture and distribute its own product Coca-Cola it also reduces the time used red uce the lead time that Coca-cola would have otherwise had to face in case it used other distribution models( Lancaster Withey 2006 ). The Coca-Cola in turn helps in its independent distribution partners assemble of factories, organizes staff training, and supplies packaging materials and procedures of operations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Promotion strategy Promotion is the process of choosing a market and coming up with a comprehensive plan of how to pass across messages that are related to the product to this target market. Therefore a promotion mix is a sum total of all methods that are used to pass message about a product to a given target market with an aim of informing, reminding, educating and persuading (Campbell et al, 2002). Coca-Cola promotional activities revolve around getting enough shelve spaces in departmental stores to display their products, they also conduct sale promotions for both end consumers retailers and distributors, apart from the above seasonal UTC campaigns ( i.e. under the crown schemes) that involve handing out gifts that can be won under the bottle tops of their carbonated drinks such as Coca-Cola , advertising in television commercial, billboards, and print media, Coca-Cola also use point of sale materials such as posters and stickers Coca-Cola also use sports arenas and teams ranging from soccer, cricket and basketball to promote their product. The Coca-Cola Company collects an advertising fee from franchisers/partners/distributers and then goes ahead to formulate an overall promotional mix that all its distributers will use to promote Coca-Cola in each and every country in which Coca-Cola is sold. (Kourdi, 2009) The Environment The environment that Coca-Cola exists in hasn’t been that smooth stiff competition from PepsiCo has led to a massive battle for market share in various parts of the world, the existence of various substitutes, to Coca-Cola has also affected the sales of Coca-Cola leading to an increased product mix by the Coca-Cola company to make more profits. With the recent recession in the economic environment the sales of Coca-cola was also affected. Coca-Cola has not had a simple time with the legal and political environment its exclusion from the Indian market for 18 years due to differences in political stands gave PepsiCo an advantage. T he spirit of Anti-Americanism Coca-Cola has found it hard t penetrate the Asian market but it is now coming up with special arrangements and alliances to have Coca-Cola accepted in this regions (Frey 2008). The Coca-Cola Company has also been accused of channel surfing and making exclusive sale agreements with retailers in Europe leading the European Union to set specific legal action to stop them from doing this again. There are multiple legal suits of racism and mistreatment of black employees by denying them career advancement opportunities. In 2003 Coca-Cola India was accused of containing pesticide compounds which were above normal and dangerous to the health threatening in it but this claim was refuted by the company. Apart from this The Coca-Cola has been accused of unfair competition in Mexico and intimidation of union officials in Bolivia and Columbia. This goes ahead to clearly show that there are many challenges in its environment which is very usual in global companies d ealing with vast diversified markets (Sinkovics Ghauri 2009). Opinion The Coca-Cola’s product, pricing, distributing and promotion strategy are almost perfect, but Coca-Cola should go ahead and formulate more flexible corporate citizenship strategies that will help to promote more ethical business operations and reduce the negative image and publicity that is faced by Coca-Cola in certain parts of the world. Coca-Cola should create a more aggressive competitive strategy to counter PepsiCo. Since PepsiCo’s strategy of creating multiple product lines that includes Salty snacks has enable PepsiCo increase its sales by a large percentage and have profits margins which are almost at par with The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company should therefore go ahead and introduce a new product line like PepsiCo and put them side to side in retailer stores. As far as pricing and promotion is concerned Coca-Cola should exploit its efficiencies and economies of scale and if able t ry to maintain or even reduce its prices to increase volume of purchase. References Campbell et al, (2002). Business Strategy an Introduction, 2 edn. Banburd: Butterworth-Heinemann. Charles et al, (2009). Essentials of Marketing. Natorp Boulevard, South Western: Cengage Learning. Frey, R.S. (2008) Successful strategies for Small Businesses: using product knowledge, 5 edn. Norwood: Artech House Inc. Kotler P, (1999), Principles of marketing, 2nd edn. New York: Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing Insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Kourdi, J. (2009) Business Strategy: A Guide to Effective Decision Making, 2 edn. New York: Economist books. Lancaster, G. Withey. F. (2006). Marketing Fundamentals’: CIM Course book. London: Oxford publishers. Porter M.E. (1990).The Competitive advantage of nations, illustrated edn, Northampton, MA: Free Press. Sinkovics, R.R., Ghauri N.P. (2009). New Challenges to International Marketing, Wagon Lane Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. Bell, L. (2004). The story of coca-cola: built for success, Mankato MN, Black Rabbit books. This essay on An Analytical look into Coca-Cola was written and submitted by user Tara Solis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Freedom of Religion in the U.S

Freedom of Religion in the U.S Introduction Religious disagreements have often been the cause of discord, violence, and hatred in many parts of the world. In the U.S. during the colonial times, religious differences were the cause of religious conflicts and persecutions before the founders of the US undertook to work together to protect religious freedom and end persecutions and religious intolerance (Gunn 189).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom of Religion in the U.S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new religious pluralism, in the American context, guarantees religious tolerance and religious freedom, which has transformed the religious landscape to allow the coexistence of many religious standpoints. Unlike in the past, the religious pluralism allows the interaction of multiple religious traditions within the state and the civil society. However, despite this remarkable success, currently, religious confrontations often arise over many issues of religious faith. In particular, issues of creationism and evolution raise religious disputes, which are increasingly growing more intense. At the same time, the U.S. promotes religious liberty and pluralism as one of the cornerstones of democracy in the rest of the world. However, in the US, politics, law, and religion often generate disagreements and divergent religious views whereby, divisive politics on a number of religious issues threatens the commitment to religious freedom. Religious Freedom in America Despite some episodes of religious intolerance in the past, the US has made considerable progress in promoting religious freedom. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights purposely aimed at protecting individual right of worship and religious freedom. In particular, the framers of the constitution included three distinct commitments to religious liberty viz. the religious oaths to public office, prohibitions to freedom of worship, and legislations against the establis hment of religious facilities were declared against the constitution (Gunn 197). From the colonial era dominated by Protestant pluralism, the US presently allows the expression of almost all world religious faiths. This step presents a significant stride in promoting religious pluralism and encouraging religious tolerance.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the US, many people do not profess any religious faith and they include the secularists, humanists, and atheists. Since the constitution offers no religious preference or any state religion, in the American context, religious freedom implies the religious liberty for all citizens including the non-believers. Religious liberty encompasses three principles: firstly, religious liberty is an individual right that transcends the state power (Gunn 201). Secondly, religious liberty, according to the constitution, confer s freedom of conscience to people of all faiths. Lastly, religious liberty means the right to practice a given religious faith or no religion at all without government interference. Thus, in the US, religious freedom allows all individuals to profess any religious beliefs or no religion without any state control. The Religious Landscape in America The freedom of religion as embedded in the constitution did not aim at preventing religious beliefs or institutions from participating in public life. In effect, the disestablishment resulted to less or no state interference in religion. Additionally, the freedom of religion provisions in the constitution barred any religion from becoming a state religion. As a result, many religious faiths play a vital role in shaping public policy and public life. The need to separate religion from the state was meant to prevent the government from being biased in the denominational competitions. Additionally, the religious freedom has significantly shap ed the religious landscape in the US. Religious tolerance among the Catholic, Jewish, the dominant Protestant, and other religions coupled with low cases of religious violence or turmoil are the results of the freedom of religion. In recent times, the denominational rivalries have declined giving rise to religious interest groups that go beyond religious boundaries. Religious views tend to reflect perspectives within and across denominations (Castelli 324). Commonly, religious opinions to controversial issues involve the religious versus the secular, or the conservative versus the liberal, which reflects a considerable change in religious boundaries and alliances (Castelli 327). Currently, unlike in the past, most disputes in the US involve competition amongst various religious interest groups but not conflicts. Threats to Freedom of Religion Considerable progress has been made in many religious settings following the articulation of the freedom of religion in the constitution. Amer icans are more tolerant to religious views and appear to transcend religious prejudices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom of Religion in the U.S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, angry confrontations over issues touching on religious faiths threaten the religious liberty that is so celebrated in the US. In particular, issues about public financing of religious projects such as schools, the Ten Commandment monuments, taxation as well as the use of the name of God when swearing allegiance to public office threaten this religious freedom (Sullivan 80). Religious disputes are also apparent in the public education system over teaching of controversial topics such as evolution and creationism. Religious divisions on other controversial issues including euthanasia, gay rights, abortion, and stem-cell research are apparent in the US. At the same time, the U.S. promotes religious freedom as a â€Å"universal human right† internationally. Through the International Religious Freedom Act (IRF) of 1998, the U.S. offers multilateral assistance to countries to promote religious freedom as one of the cornerstones of democratic development (Sullivan 81). It also sets out various initiatives to prevent violations of religious freedom by countries and promote religious tolerance. Conclusion Religious freedom is a right conferred upon Americans by the constitution and the Bill of Rights. Though much success has been achieved including religious tolerance and coexistence, religious disagreements often arise on a number of controversial issues. Internationally, the U.S, through the IRF Act, promotes religious freedom as a way of enhancing democracy. However, locally, the interaction between politics and the state as well as religious disagreements on many issues threaten the religious freedom. Castelli, Allen. Praying for the Persecuted Church: US Christian Activism in the Global Arena. Journ al of Human Rights 4.3 (2005): 321-331. Gunn, Jeremy. The Complexity of Religion and the Definition of ―Religion in International Law. Harvard Human Rights Journal 16.4 (2003): 189-205. Sullivan, Winifred. The Impossibility of Religious Freedom. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2005.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

The Four Arts Of Freedom Essays - Belief, Guggenheim Fellows

The Four Arts Of Freedom Essays - Belief, Guggenheim Fellows The Four Arts Of Freedom The Four Arts of Freedom In Wayne C. Booths essay Whats Supposed to Be Going on Here? he directly challenges what we consider to be a liberal education and proposes a solution based on revamping the three rs. This long-winded look at the mental ignorance of people today offers several interesting insights, as well as Booths critique of his own proposed solution. Although he admits to having a flawed solution, he does not believe any of the flaws would overthrow his general argument. Booth begins by stating that what we term as liberal education is actually quite the opposite. He implies that while we are being educated to eradicate ignorance, we are in fact becoming more ignorant because we are being taught to use the information we are given for social climbing (55). Booth also states that without knowledge we may embrace political programs and schools of art and world views with as much passion as if we knew what we were doing, but our seeming choices are really what other people have imposed upon us (55). It seems that educated or not, Booth would consider the average person to be ignorant. How can this ignorance be stopped? Booth suggests a revamping of the three rs (reading, riting and rithmetic). He has proposed another list of rs, which he considers three of the four on his new list to be available, in some degree, to every student who is willing to seek them out (56). The first r is the art of recovery of meanings. In defining this first r, Booth states that it is the art of recovering what other people mean and not what wed like them to mean(59). While this sounds fairly easy, it is very much the opposite. Booth believes so many of us have fallen into the habit of assuming we listen with an open mind to other peoples thoughts and ideas, when in fact we essentially sort the ideas into categories we have already formed in our minds and more often than not use that to invalidate the information we are trying to learn. Zutshi 2 The second r is rejection. Rejection, Booth believes, is something that can be worked on mainly by uneducated minds. We need to be able to discern which ideas can go together and which ones do not. The best example Booth gives of this is: The uneducated mind will accept slogans like students are the most exploited class in America today, even though it also knows that migrant workers and black workers have been immeasurably more exploited and have a right to be insulted by the comparison with affluent middle-class students (62). Although he targets the uneducated mind, Booth does make a point of saying that all of us, educated or not, will have conflicting ideas such as that. However, someone who is educated would be able to notice the conflict in such a statement and work through that. The third r is renewal/renovation. Renewal mainly ties in with rejection. Renewal would come up when the educated man would sit down and rethink his opposing ideas and come up with a new renovated idea that would not be conflicting. Renewal also comes up in discussing the medias role in our education. Rather than just sitting back and absorbing all of the information that is thrown at us on the radio, on the television, and in printed materials, Booth tells us to take a closer look. Education should allow us to see our contradictions clearly and, more importantly (64) should teach the methods of bringing contradictions to the surface, of working out genuine harmonies, and of presenting the results persuasively to our fellow man (64). The final r is revolution. Booth is suggesting an intellectual revolution. Using recovery, rejection and renewal as key factors in education, and intellectual revolution could begin. However, even as clearly defined as Booth has made this solution, there are a few complications he himself has noted. The first would be spending too much time trying to get all my ideas clear before I act (64), which could result in him never acting. The other side of that argument would be to act too rashly. The idea

Battle of Harpers Ferry During the American Civil War

Battle of Harpers Ferry During the American Civil War The Battle of Harpers Ferry was fought September 12-15, 1862, during the American Civil War (18611865). Background Following his victory at the Second Battle of Manassas in late August 1862, General Robert E. Lee elected to invade Maryland with the goals of resupplying the Army of Northern Virginia in enemy territory as well as inflicting a blow on Northern morale.   With Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac mounting a leisurely pursuit, Lee split his command with Major Generals James Longstreet, J.E.B. Stuart, and D.H. Hill entering and remaining in Maryland while Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson received orders to swing west then south to  secure Harpers Ferry.   The site of   John Browns 1859 raid, Harpers Ferry was situated at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers and contained a Federal arsenal.   On low ground, the town was dominated by Bolivar Heights to the west, Maryland Heights to northeast, and Loudoun Heights to the southeast. Jackson Advances Crossing the Potomac north of Harpers Ferry with 11,500 men, Jackson intended to attack the town from the west.   To support his operations, Lee dispatched 8,000 men under Major General Lafayette McLaws and 3,400 men under Brigadier General John G. Walker to secure Maryland and Loudoun Heights respectively.   On September 11, Jacksons command approached Martinsburg while McLaws reached Brownsville approximately six miles northeast of Harpers Ferry.   To the southeast, Walkers men were delayed due to a failed attempt to destroy the aqueduct carrying the Chesapeake Ohio Canal over the Monocacy River.   Poor guides further slowed his advance. The Union Garrison As Lee moved north, he expected the Union garrisons at Winchester, Martinsburg, and Harpers Ferry to be withdrawn to prevent being cut off and captured.   While the first two fell back, Major General Henry W. Halleck, the Union general in chief, directed Colonel Dixon S. Miles to hold Harpers Ferry despite requests from McClellan for the troops there to join the Army of the Potomac.   Possessing around 14,000 largely inexperienced  men, Miles had been assigned to Harpers Ferry in disgrace after a court of inquiry found that he had been drunk during the First Battle of Bull Run the previous year.   A 38-year veteran of the US Army who had been brevetted for his role in the Siege of Fort Texas  during the Mexican-American War, Miles failed to understand the terrain around Harpers Ferry and concentrated his forces in the town and on Bolivar Heights.   Though perhaps the most important position, Maryland Heights was only garrisoned by around 1,600 men under Colonel Thomas H. Ford. The Confederates Attack On September 12, McLaws pushed forward Brigadier General Joseph Kershaws brigade.   Hampered by difficult terrain, his men moved along Elk Ridge to Maryland Heights  where they encountered Fords troops.   After some skirmishing, Kershaw elected to pause for the night.   At 6:30 AM the next morning, Kershaw resumed his advance with Brigadier General William Barksdales brigade in support on the left.   Twice assaulting the Union lines, the Confederates were beaten back with heavy losses.   Tactical command on Maryland Heights that morning devolved  to Colonel Eliakim Sherrill as Ford had taken  ill.   As the fighting continued, Sherrill fell when a bullet struck his cheek.   His loss shook his regiment, the  126th New York, which had only been in the army  three weeks.   This, coupled with an attack on their flank by Barksdale, caused the New Yorkers to break and flee to the rear. On the heights, Major Sylvester Hewitt rallied the remaining units and assumed a new position.   Despite this, he received orders from Ford at 3:30 PM to retreat back across the river even though 900 men from the 115th New York remained in reserve.   As McLaws men struggled to take Maryland Heights, Jackson and Walkers men arrived in the area.   In Harpers Ferry, Miles subordinates quickly realized that the garrison was surrounded and implored their commander to mount a counterattack on Maryland Heights.   Believing that holding Bolivar Heights was all that was necessary, Miles refused.   That night, he dispatched Captain Charles Russell and nine men from the 1st Maryland Cavalry to inform McClellan of the situation and that he could only hold out for forty-eight hours.   Receiving this message, the McClellan directed VI Corps to move to relieve the garrison and sent multiple  messages to Miles informing him that aid was coming.   These failed to arrive in time to inf luence events. The Garrison Falls The next day, Jackson commenced emplacing guns on Maryland Heights while Walker did the same on Loudoun.   While Lee and McClellan fought to the east at the ​​​Battle of South Mountain, Walkers guns opened fire on Miles positions around 1:00 PM.   Later that afternoon,  Jackson directed Major General A.P. Hill  to move along the west bank of the Shenandoah to threat Union left on Bolivar Heights.   As night fell, Union officers in Harpers Ferry knew that the end was approaching but remained unable to convince Miles to attack Maryland Heights.   Had they moved forward, they would have found the heights guarded by a single regiment as McLaws had withdrawn the bulk of his command to aid in blunting VI Corps advance at Cramptons Gap.   That night, against Miles wishes, Colonel Benjamin Davis led 1,400 cavalrymen in a breakout attempt.   Crossing the Potomac, they slipped around Maryland Heights and rode north.   In the course of their escape, they c aptured one of Longstreets reserve ordnance trains and escorted it north to Greencastle, PA. As dawn rose on September 15, Jackson had moved around 50 guns into position on the heights opposite Harpers Ferry.   Opening fire, his artillery struck Miles rear and flanks on Bolivar Heights and preparations commenced for an assault at 8:00 AM.   Believing the situation hopeless and unaware that relief was en route, Miles met with his brigade commanders  and made the decision to surrender.   This was met with some hostility from a number of his officers who demanded the opportunity to fight their way out.   After arguing with a captain from the 126th New York, Miles was struck in the leg by a Confederate shell.   Falling, he had so angered his subordinates that it initially proved difficult to find someone to carry him to the hospital.   Following Miles wounding, Union forces moved forward with the surrender. Aftermath The Battle of  Harpers Ferry saw the Confederates sustain 39 killed and  247 wounded  while Union losses totaled 44 killed, 173 wounded, and 12,419 captured.   In addition, 73 guns were lost.      The  capture of the Harpers  Ferry garrison represented the Union  Armys largest surrender of the  war and the US Armys largest until the fall of  Bataan in 1942.   Miles  died  from his wounds on September 16 and never  had to face the consequences for his performance.  Ã‚  Occupying the town, Jacksons men took possession of a large volume of Union  supplies and the arsenal.   Later that afternoon, he received urgent word from Lee to rejoin the main army at Sharpsburg.   Leaving Hills men to parole the Union prisoners, Jacksons troops marched north where they would play a key  role in the Battle of Antietam on September 17. Armies Commanders Union Colonel Dixon S. Milesapprox. 14,000 men Confederate Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksonapprox. 21,000-26,000 men Selected Sources: Civil War Trust: Battle of Harpers FerryNational Park Service: Battle of Harpers FerryHistoryNet: Battle of Harpers Ferry